In the first part I made the case that in describing the second greatest commandment, Jesus defines our neighbor very broadly. Further, I suggested that technology expands our neighborhood significantly. In part two, let’s look at why we should care for our neighbor and then examine a few specific examples of tools helping or hindering us in that endeavor.
Why Should I Care?
Why should I care about the perspective of someone far from me? Or even if they are close, why should I care about others more than myself? I should care because God commands it. However, let’s look closer. There is some rich depth and consistency to this divine directive if we dig a bit deeper.
Care for Humans Created in the Image of God
I should care about my neighbor because loving God’s creatures honors the creator. In Genesis 1:28, God appoints humans as stewards of his creation. As stewards, we are to love and care for his creatures and cultivate the garden of his creation. Our neighbors deserve extra stewardly attention because in contrast to all other creatures, humans are created in the image of the Creator. Thus, the second greatest commandment (to love our neighbor) is related to the greatest commandment (to love God). We are created in God’s image, so we honor God when we care for people also created in his image. At the same time, that image has been distorted by sin.
Care for Sinners in Need of Grace
I should care about my neighbor because fallen people stained by sin need grace and care. In Adam and Eve, all humans have inherited a sinful nature. On our own we can do no good – we tend towards selfishness and evil. Even our best efforts are marred by our fallen nature. I am called to care for my neighbors even though they are not perfect people. In the story of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:25-37), the expert in the law wanted to justify himself and asked Jesus: “Who is my neighbor?” Why would he ask this? Did he really not know? Perhaps he was hoping that Jesus would provide some criteria to judge which neighbors were worthy – and which were not. When serving those in need, I sometimes likewise find myself becoming judgemental.
I was too quick to judge when I previously served as a deacon at a church that ran a food pantry. We worked with a county agency to help us identify families in need. Each week one deacon was assigned to make deliveries to those families. Occasionally when it was my turn, I came across a disturbing situation. As I brought the grocery bags laden with food into the home, I noticed that they had a nicer couch and larger television than I had myself. I was dismayed and even a bit angry that a family would take advantage of the system. Nevertheless, I brought the food into the kitchen. That’s when I noticed their cupboards were literally bare. As the family put away the groceries, I could see they had no food – that my delivery was desperately needed. I suspected those expensive items in the living room might be “rent-to-own”. Those expensive items on high-interest loans meant they were likely in too much debt to buy food.
The point is, we never really know the full story about someone else. Even if occasionally our food pantry served someone that wasn’t needy, I resolved that it was worth being generous to all that were perceived to be in need, even if occasionally it was undeserved. Thinking further, who was I to judge who was deserving or not? The grace of God is not based on merit – just the opposite! In my sin I am most undeserving, yet Christ’s all-sufficient merit covers my debt. I am not called to love my neighbor because they are deserving; I am to love them with no regard to merit. I am called to love them as fellow image bearers.
That’s not to say we shouldn’t pay attention to justice. If our food pantry had been running low, I might be justified in ensuring the most needy families got fed first. In my case, the pantry was full. We had food sufficient to cover all who asked. And honestly, my work as a deacon was a lot more joyful and a lot less burdensome when I stopped judging and started serving. When we serve in love of God and neighbor, we are acting as redemptive agents in Christ’s name.
Care for Those We Are Called to Redeem
I should care about my neighbor because I am called to be Christ’s hands and feet in this world. God promised that through Abraham, all nations would be blessed. Two-thousand years later, Christ embodied (literally and figuratively) the fulfillment of that promise. When we put our faith in Jesus and become Christ-followers, we become Christ’s redemptive agents in the world.
Having answered the question of why one should care, now consider how one should care. More specifically, how can we love our neighbor with technology? Technology – whether a tool, process, or algorithm – is always an instrument, i.e., a means to an end. We who design or work with technology can shape and use these tools to love our neighbor. Engineers and scientists are not the only ones to use tools. Making and using tools is part of what makes us human. Using tools to love our neighbor is one of the finest examples of this creative yet practical aspect of our humanity.
Tools for Loving Neighbors
Tools and instruments that can be a means to the end of loving our neighbor include those for hospitality, for care, and for stewardship. These are simply examples, with the hope you will notice many of the tools you have at hand can serve similarly.
Tools for Hospitality
Oxford Languages defines hospitality as “friendly and generous reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers.” Here are a few examples of technological tools that enable or enhance our welcoming of neighbors.
Homes are hospitality tools. My church recently supported the building of a tiny home community. It is a set of 16 very small homes designed as inexpensive housing for the working homeless in our area. Designed to function as a home in a very small space, they provide hospitality to the homeless – and further, giving the newly homed a space to show hospitality to others.
Electronic communication is a hospitality tool. My wife and I support two missionary couples. One couple posts pictures and stories regularly on social media, helping us stay in touch with the work they do. The other couple is working in a sensitive area where publicity could be problematic. Their choice of communication is thus a bit more selective, posting a newsletter by email to supporters. Both communication technologies connect us with missionary neighbors who are geographically distant.
Open source software is a hospitality tool because it encourages sharing and collaboration. By licensing code in this way, software developers create a community of professionals that can build creatively on each other’s foundations.
Instant Messaging is a hospitality tool. My team at work is spread out geographically, with most working from home. We use a variety of communication tools, including MatterMost for instant messaging. One of the channels is named “Water Cooler” where team members can share a bit of their personal lives: gardening, woodworking, music, cooking, latest big purchases, vacation photos, or new baby photos. This channel helps co-workers to be neighbors to each other.
Tools for Stewardship
Merriam-Webster defines stewardship as “the careful and responsible management of something entrusted to one's care.” Let’s look at a couple of example tools to help pursue stewardship.
Citizen science community apps are a stewardship tool. With my retirement approaching, I decided to become a bit more serious as an amateur biologist. I have started using the iNaturalist app to record my observations. The app helps identify the species and shares the recorded sighting with others on the app. I can then see a map of where the species has been spotted. It also enables others to confirm or correct the identification. So far I have identified 270 distinct species (134 at research grade). Using this stewardship tool, I am becoming more observant of the variety of plant and animal life that surrounds me, learning greater appreciation for God’s good and complex creation. This app also creates a community, thus becoming a tool enabling hospitality. Recently I had a more professional biologist comment on my picture of a Meadowhawk dragonfly, noting that the lighting did not allow for them to see the legs clearly enough to identify the specific species. However, like a good neighbor, they did not leave criticism alone – they also advised on additional resources and offered encouragement to continue contributing.
Clean water technology is a stewardship tool. For much of the developing world, finding potable water is a challenge. “Lack of clean drinking water corrodes the critical structure of communities—health, education, business” (Clean Water Institute). In order to keep a well-water system working effectively in developing areas, the replacement parts for maintaining the well and filtering the water must be low-tech. That is, the tools must be appropriate to the neighborhood. By designing tools for stewardship such as clean water technologies, engineers can love many neighbors in far away places.
Tools for Care
Oxford Languages defines care as “the provision of what is necessary for the health, welfare, maintenance, and protection of someone or something.” We can get some perspective on such a provision from Cornelius Plantinga Jr, in his book Not the Way It's Supposed to Be: A Breviary of Sin. Plantinga defines a concept related to true caring: shalom. “In the Bible, shalom means universal flourishing, wholeness, and delight--a rich state of affairs in which natural needs are satisfied and natural gifts fruitfully employed, a state of affairs that inspires joyful wonder as its Creator and Savior opens doors and welcomes the creatures in whom he delights. Shalom, in other words, is the way things ought to be.”
Shalom is thus a deep way of caring for our neighbor. I suggest two tools for caring below.
Assistive technology is a caring tool. These instruments of care – such as eye glasses or hearing aids – restore human abilities to the way things ought to be. They are tools for restoring shalom. And restoring shalom is a key way of showing Christ’s redemptive love.
GPS mapping is a caring tool. Although I am fairly good with directions, I still rely on my mapping app for most travel. It helps me avoid unexpected traffic snarls and ensures I get to my destination even when I miss a turn. Voice prompts or heads-up displays provide further care by helping me keep my eyes on the road.
These are just a few examples of tools designed intentionally as means to virtuous ends. Even when the designer had only one good end in mind, we users of technology can creatively find ways to use the tool as an instrument of more diverse virtuous ends. Unfortunately, the reverse is also true, which we investigate in the next section.
Tools for Hating Neighbors
By their nature, tools amplify our abilities – they make us more powerful. Sadly, sin can taint our technology design so that we end up with more powerful means of division and hate. Every tool has tendencies that are built-in, i.e., by design. Some of these tendencies are intentional; some are involuntary. In the former, the designer is consciously trying to bend the design toward the specified use. In the latter, biases and prejudices of the designer sneak into the design.
A design intended for a virtuous end might also be abused by the user, making it a means to some sinful end. Even when the designer puts safeguards in place to prevent unintended uses, we clever humans often find work-arounds.
For some concrete examples, consider the following technologies that can amplify the vices of greed, sloth, and malice.
Tools for Greed
Greed is a “selfish and excessive desire for more of something … than is needed.” (Merriam-Webster). Technology can be easily abused to feed our greed.
Credit cards are a greed tool. Many have yielded to temptation to buy now and pay later. Purchases are now so easy. Too easy. We don’t always judge carefully whether we really need more. We deceive ourselves and greedily desire more than we need.
Bitcoin is a greed tool. Originally designed as a digital currency, it has become a platform for speculation. Many now use it as a tool of greed, hoping that the value will rise like a pyramid as others buy it.
Malware is a greed tool. Perhaps the most insidious of greed tools, there are technologies designed specifically for greed. For example, malware is designed specifically to extort money from others.
Tools for Sloth
While greed is desiring more than necessary, sloth is the “turning away from the necessary effort” (Merriam-Webster)
Home automation can become a sloth tool. I have a number of automated devices in my home.
When I am away from the house, I use these devices for security such as turning on lights or detecting motion and recording on a camera. My connected thermostat dials back the HVAC, conserving energy and saving money. However, this automation can become a little too convenient. Just as the TV remote has made us couch potatoes, home automation further lulls into never leaving the easy chair.
Tools for Malice
Malice is the “desire to cause pain, injury, or distress to another.” (Merriam-Webster) Although I earlier listed social media as a technology that could be used for virtuous purposes, like most technology, it can also be abused for evil.
Social media is a malice tool when used for cyber-bullying, spreading lies, or insulting someone. Perhaps worse, some social media sites use algorithms that are focused on increased engagement resulting in emphasis on angry posts.
Cars are a malice tool when road rage overcomes the driver. Some technologies are so dangerous that we, as a society, choose to regulate them. These include heavy machinery and certain chemicals and drugs. Likewise, the automobile is regulated via licenses, insurance requirements, and driver’s license requirements. Regulations help prevent tools being used for malice. But even with regulation, we sinners find a way to abuse the technology, such as when road rage gets the better of us when behind the wheel.
Wrap-Up
Jesus calls us to love beyond those that love us. He calls us to love our enemies, to love those that hate us. My sin-tainted inclinations make it easy to do the former and quite challenging to do the latter. Tools can help – technology used thoughtfully can be an instrument towards loving our neighbors.
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